Equity residential reports third quarter 2018
results
Chicago--(business wire)--equity residential (nyse: eqr) today reported results for the quarter and nine months ended september 30, 2018. all per share results are reported as available to common shares/units on a diluted basis. earnings per share (eps) was $0.58, funds from operations (ffo) was $0.79 per share and normalized ffo was $0.83 per share for the third quarter of 2018, each as described in further detail below. “continued strong demand and an enterprise-wide focus on customer service have produced high occupancy, record low turnover and very strong renewal rates, which should deliver 2018 same store revenue growth at the high end of our forecasts,” said david j. neithercut, equity residential’s ceo. “we also expect to see continued but modest improvement in revenue growth in 2019 as a strong economy and favorable job market continue to drive demand and support absorption of new supply across our markets.” highlights the company revised its guidance for same store revenue growth to 2.3%, which was the top of the company’s previous guidance range. during the third quarter of 2018, the company produced physical occupancy of 96.2%, new lease rate growth of 1.2% and renewal rate growth of 5.1%. the company also produced the lowest third quarter same store turnover in its history. the company re-entered the denver market with its purchase of two recently completed apartment properties, totaling 726 apartment units, in the uptown neighborhood for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $275.2 million. during the third quarter of 2018, the company completed the stabilization of two of its new development properties: 855 brannan in san francisco and helios in seattle. the company was recognized for the fifth consecutive year for leadership in environmental, social and governance (esg) by the global real estate sustainability benchmark (gresb). “denver is one of the most dynamic apartment markets in the country featuring strong high-wage job growth, high single family home prices and a large and growing demographic of renters,” said mark j. parrell, equity residential’s president. “we are excited about our re-entry to the market with the acquisition of two newly completed assets in uptown and expect to grow our denver portfolio in the coming years.” third quarter 2018 eps for the third quarter of 2018 was $0.58 compared to $0.37 in the third quarter of 2017. the difference is due primarily to higher property sale gains in the third quarter of 2018, the various adjustment items listed on page 24 of this release and the items described below. ffo as defined by nareit (national association of real estate investment trusts) was $0.79 per share for the third quarter of 2018 compared to $0.81 per share in the third quarter of 2017. the difference is due primarily to the various adjustment items listed on page 24 of this release and the items described below. normalized ffo for the third quarter of 2018 was $0.83 per share compared to $0.80 per share in the third quarter of 2017. the difference is due primarily to: a positive impact of approximately $0.02 per share from increased same store net operating income (noi); a positive impact of approximately $0.02 per share from lease-up noi; and a negative impact of approximately $0.01 per share from higher total interest expense. the company has a glossary of defined terms and related reconciliations of non-gaap financial measures on pages 26 through 30 of this release. reconciliations and definitions of ffo and normalized ffo are provided on pages 7, 27 and 28 of this release and the company has included guidance for normalized ffo on page 25 and ffo and eps on page 28 of this release. nine months ended september 30, 2018 eps for the nine months ended september 30, 2018 was $1.46 compared to $1.29 in the nine months ended september 30, 2017. the difference is due primarily to higher property sale gains and higher depreciation expense in the nine months ended september 30, 2018, the various adjustment items listed on page 24 of this release and the items described below. ffo was $2.30 per share for the nine months ended september 30, 2018 compared to $2.33 per share for the nine months ended september 30, 2017. the difference is due primarily to the various adjustment items listed on page 24 of this release and the items described below. normalized ffo for the nine months ended september 30, 2018 was $2.41 per share compared to $2.31 per share for the nine months ended september 30, 2017. the following items impacted normalized ffo per share in the period: a positive impact of approximately $0.05 per share from increased same store noi; a positive impact of approximately $0.09 per share from lease-up noi and other non-same store noi; a negative impact of approximately $0.02 per share from higher total interest expense; and a negative impact of approximately $0.02 per share from other items including higher corporate overhead (property management and general and administrative expenses). same store results on a same store third quarter to third quarter comparison, which includes 72,561 apartment units, revenues increased 2.3%, expenses increased 3.7% and noi increased 1.7%. average rental rate increased 2.1% and physical occupancy was flat at 96.2%. on a same store nine-month to nine-month comparison, which includes 71,721 apartment units, revenues increased 2.2%, expenses increased 3.4% and noi increased 1.7%. average rental rate increased 1.9% and physical occupancy increased 0.3% to 96.2%. investment activity during the third quarter of 2018, the company acquired three apartment properties, including two in denver and one in boston, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $507.3 million at a weighted average acquisition capitalization rate of 4.4%. also during the quarter, the company sold a 506-unit apartment property located in new york city for approximately $416.1 million at a disposition yield of 3.9%, generating an unlevered irr of 9.8%. during the first nine months of 2018, the company acquired five apartment properties consisting of 1,478 apartment units for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $707.0 million at a weighted average acquisition capitalization rate of 4.4%. also during the first nine months of 2018, the company sold five apartment properties, including the transaction described above, consisting of 1,292 apartment units, for an aggregate sale price of approximately $706.1 million at a weighted average disposition yield of 4.1%, generating an unlevered irr of 8.7%. also during the first nine months of 2018, the company sold a land parcel in suburban maryland for approximately $2.7 million. capital markets activity in accordance with the company’s previously disclosed plans, on october 1, 2018, the company prepaid a $500.0 million 5.19% mortgage loan with a maturity date of october 1, 2019 at par using funds from the company’s revolving line of credit. fourth quarter 2018 guidance the company has established an eps guidance range of $0.32 to $0.34 for the fourth quarter of 2018. the difference between the company’s third quarter 2018 eps of $0.58 and the midpoint of the fourth quarter 2018 guidance range of $0.33 is due primarily to lower expected gains on property sales, partially offset by lower expected debt extinguishment costs and the items described below. the company has established an ffo guidance range of $0.84 to $0.86 per share for the fourth quarter of 2018. the difference between the company’s third quarter 2018 ffo of $0.79 per share and the midpoint of the fourth quarter 2018 guidance range of $0.85 per share is due primarily to lower expected debt extinguishment costs and the items described below. the company has established a normalized ffo guidance range of $0.84 to $0.86 per share for the fourth quarter of 2018. the difference between the company’s third quarter 2018 normalized ffo of $0.83 per share and the midpoint of the fourth quarter 2018 guidance range of $0.85 per share is due primarily to: a positive impact of approximately $0.01 per share from increased same store noi; and a positive impact of approximately $0.01 per share from lower total interest expense. full year 2018 guidance the company has revised its guidance for its full year 2018 same store operating performance, eps, ffo per share, normalized ffo per share and transactions as listed below: (1) transaction accretion (dilution) represents the spread between the acquisition cap rate and the disposition yield. the change in the full year eps guidance range is due primarily to lower expected gains on property sales, higher expected depreciation expense and the items described below. the change in the full year ffo per share guidance range is due primarily to the items described below. the change in the full year normalized ffo per share guidance range is due primarily to: a positive impact of approximately $0.01 per share from increased property noi, primarily from same store results; a positive impact of approximately $0.01 per share from lower total interest expense; and a negative impact of approximately $0.01 per share from higher corporate overhead (property management and general and administrative expense). fourth quarter 2018 earnings and conference call equity residential expects to announce its fourth quarter 2018 results on tuesday, january 29, 2019 and host a conference call to discuss those results at 10:00 a.m. ct on wednesday, january 30, 2019. about equity residential equity residential is an s&p 500 company focused on the acquisition, development and management of rental apartment properties located in urban and high-density suburban markets where today’s renters want to live, work and play. equity residential owns or has investments in 306 properties consisting of 79,260 apartment units, primarily located in boston, new york, washington, d.c., seattle, san francisco, southern california and denver. for more information on equity residential, please visit our website at www.equityapartments.com. forward-looking statements in addition to historical information, this press release contains forward-looking statements and information within the meaning of the federal securities laws. these statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions made by management. while equity residential’s management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks, including, without limitation, changes in general market conditions, including the rate of job growth and cost of labor and construction material, the level of new multifamily construction and development, competition and local government regulation. other risks and uncertainties are described under the heading “risk factors” in our annual report on form 10-k and subsequent periodic reports filed with the securities and exchange commission (sec) and available on our website, www.equityapartments.com. many of these uncertainties and risks are difficult to predict and beyond management’s control. forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results or events. equity residential assumes no obligation to update or supplement forward-looking statements that become untrue because of subsequent events. a live web cast of the company’s conference call discussing these results will take place tomorrow, wednesday, october 24, at 10:00 a.m. central. please visit the investor section of the company’s web site at www.equityapartments.com for the link. a replay of the web cast will be available for two weeks at this site. equity residential consolidated statements of operations (amounts in thousands except per share data) (unaudited) equity residential consolidated statements of funds from operations and normalized funds from operations (amounts in thousands except per share data) (unaudited) net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests – partially net (gain) loss on sales of unconsolidated entities - operating debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains) note: see page 24 for additional detail regarding the adjustments from ffo to normalized ffo. see pages 26 through 30 for the definitions of non-gaap financial measures and other terms as well as the reconciliations of eps to ffo per share and normalized ffo per share. equity residential consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands except for share amounts) (unaudited) equity residential portfolio summary as of september 30, 2018 note: projects under development are not included in the portfolio summary until construction has been completed. portfolio rollforward q3 2018 ($ in thousands) units purchase price cap rate yield portfolio rollforward 2018 ($ in thousands) units purchase price cap rate yield equity residential third quarter 2018 vs. third quarter 2017 same store results/statistics for 72,561 same store apartment units $ in thousands (except for average rental rate) rental rate occupancy third quarter 2018 vs. second quarter 2018 same store results/statistics for 74,793 same store apartment units $ in thousands (except for average rental rate) rental rate occupancy september ytd 2018 vs. september ytd 2017 same store results/statistics for 71,721 same store apartment units $ in thousands (except for average rental rate) rental rate occupancy note: see page 29 for reconciliations from operating income. equity residential third quarter 2018 vs. third quarter 2017 same store results/statistics by market units % of actual noi average rental rate weighted average physical occupancy % turnover rental rate occupancy equity residential third quarter 2018 vs. second quarter 2018 same store results/statistics by market units % of actual noi average rental rate weighted average physical occupancy % turnover rental rate occupancy (1) sequential same store revenue growth in los angeles was positively impacted by a previously disclosed second quarter 2018 decline in non-residential income. residential-only same store revenues in los angeles increased 2.5% sequentially. equity residential september ytd 2018 vs. september ytd 2017 same store results/statistics by market units % of actual noi average rental rate weighted average physical occupancy % turnover rental rate occupancy (1) september year-to-date same store revenue growth in los angeles was negatively impacted by a previously disclosed second quarter 2018 decline in non-residential income. residential-only same store revenues in los angeles increased 3.6% september year-to-date. equity residential third quarter 2018 vs. third quarter 2017 same store operating expenses for 72,561 same store apartment units $ in thousands q3 2018 q3 2017 change change q3 2018 operating expenses september ytd 2018 vs. september ytd 2017 same store operating expenses for 71,721 same store apartment units $ in thousands ytd 2018 ytd 2017 change change ytd 2018 operating expenses equity residential debt summary as of september 30, 2018 ($ in thousands) average rates (1) average maturities (years) note: the company capitalized interest of approximately $4.5 million and $23.2 million during the nine months ended september 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. the company capitalized interest of approximately $1.6 million and $6.6 million during the quarters ended september 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. equity residential debt maturity schedule as of september 30, 2018 ($ in thousands) rate (1) rate (1) average rates on fixed rate debt (1) average rates on total debt (1) equity residential selected unsecured public debt covenants note: these selected covenants relate to erp operating limited partnership's ("erpop") outstanding unsecured public debt, which represent the company's most restrictive covenants. equity residential is the general partner of erpop. selected credit ratios note: see page 23 for the normalized ebitdare reconciliations. equity residential capital structure as of september 30, 2018 (amounts in thousands except for share/unit and per share amounts) perpetual preferred equity as of september 30, 2018 (amounts in thousands except for share and per share amounts) shares value dividend per share dividend amount equity residential common share and unit weighted average amounts outstanding equity residential development and lease-up projects as of september 30, 2018 (amounts in thousands except for project and apartment unit amounts) projects under development: completed not stabilized (a): completed and stabilized during the quarter: budgeted capital cost noi note: all development projects are wholly owned by the company. (a) properties included here are substantially complete. however, they may still require additional exterior and interior work for all apartment units to be available for leasing. equity residential capital expenditures to real estate for the nine months ended september 30, 2018 (amounts in thousands except for apartment unit and per apartment unit amounts) properties properties/other same store avg. per apartment unit equity residential normalized ebitdare reconciliations (amounts in thousands) normalized ebitdare reconciliations for page 18 balance sheet items: note: ebitda, ebitdare and normalized ebitdare do not include any adjustments for the company’s share of partially owned unconsolidated entities or the minority partner’s share of partially owned consolidated entities due to the immaterial size of the company’s partially owned portfolio. equity residential adjustments from ffo to normalized ffo (amounts in thousands) note: see pages 26 through 30 for the definitions of non-gaap financial measures and other terms as well as the reconciliations of eps to ffo per share and normalized ffo per share. equity residential normalized ffo guidance and assumptions the guidance/projections provided below are based on current expectations and are forward-looking. all guidance is given on a normalized ffo basis. therefore, certain items excluded from normalized ffo, such as debt extinguishment costs/prepayment penalties and the write-off of pursuit costs, are not included in the estimates provided on this page. see pages 26 through 30 for the definitions of non-gaap financial measures and other terms as well as the reconciliations of eps to ffo per share and normalized ffo per share. revised full year 2018 previous full year 2018 2018 normalized ffo guidance (per share diluted) 2018 same store assumptions 2018 transaction assumptions 2018 debt assumptions (3) 2018 capital expenditures to real estate assumptions for same store properties per same store apartment unit 2018 other guidance assumptions additional reconciliations and definitions of non-gaap financial measures and other terms (amounts in thousands except per share and per apartment unit data) (all per share data is diluted) this earnings release and supplemental information includes certain non-gaap financial measures and other terms that management believes are helpful in understanding our business. the definitions and calculations of these non-gaap financial measures and other terms may differ from the definitions and methodologies used by other reits and, accordingly, may not be comparable. these non-gaap financial measures should not be considered as an alternative to net earnings or any other measurement of performance computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states (“gaap”) or as an alternative to cash flows from specific operating, investing or financing activities. furthermore, these non-gaap financial measures are not intended to be a measure of cash flow or liquidity. acquisition capitalization rate or cap rate – noi that the company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months (or the year two or three stabilized noi for properties that are in lease-up at acquisition) less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross purchase price of the asset. the weighted average acquisition cap rate for acquired properties is weighted based on the projected noi streams and the relative purchase price for each respective property. average rental rate – total residential rental revenues reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with gaap divided by the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period presented. capital expenditures to real estate: building improvements – includes roof replacement, paving, building mechanical equipment systems, exterior siding and painting, major landscaping, furniture, fixtures and equipment for amenities and common areas, vehicles and office and maintenance equipment. renovation expenditures – apartment unit renovation costs (primarily kitchens and baths) designed to reposition these units for higher rental levels in their respective markets. replacements – includes appliances, mechanical equipment, fixtures and flooring (including hardwood and carpeting). debt covenant compliance – our unsecured debt includes certain financial and operating covenants including, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios. these provisions are contained in the indentures applicable to each notes payable or the credit agreement for our line of credit. the debt covenant compliance ratios that are provided show the company's compliance with certain covenants governing our public unsecured debt. these covenants generally reflect our most restrictive financial covenants. the company was in compliance with its unsecured debt covenants for all years presented (the ratios should not be used for any other purpose, including without limitation, to evaluate the company's financial condition or results of operations, nor do they indicate the company's covenant compliance as of any other date or for any other period). development yield – noi that the company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months following stabilization less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $50-$150 per apartment unit depending on the type of asset) divided by the total budgeted capital cost of the asset. the weighted average development yield for development properties is weighted based on the projected noi streams and the relative total budgeted capital cost for each respective property. disposition yield – noi that the company anticipates giving up in the next 12 months less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross sale price of the asset. the weighted average disposition yield for sold properties is weighted based on the projected noi streams and the relative sales price for each respective property. earnings per share ("eps") – net income per share calculated in accordance with gaap. expected eps is calculated on a basis consistent with actual eps. due to the uncertain timing and extent of property dispositions and the resulting gains/losses on sales, actual eps could differ materially from expected eps. ebitda for real estate and normalized ebitda for real estate: earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate (“ebitdare”) – the national association of real estate investment trusts (“nareit”) defines ebitdare (september 2017 white paper) as net income (computed in accordance with gaap) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and further adjusted for gains and losses from sales of depreciated operating properties, impairment write-downs of depreciated operating properties, impairment write-downs of investments in unconsolidated entities caused by a decrease in value of depreciated operating properties within the joint venture and adjustments to reflect the company’s share of ebitdare of investments in unconsolidated entities. the company believes that ebitdare is useful to investors, creditors and rating agencies as a supplemental measure of the company’s ability to incur and service debt because it is a recognized measure of performance by the real estate industry, and by excluding gains or losses related to sales or impairment of depreciated operating properties, ebitdare can help compare the company’s credit strength between periods or as compared to different companies. normalized earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate (“normalized ebitdare”) – represents net income (computed in accordance with gaap) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and further adjusted for non-comparable items. normalized ebitdare, total debt to normalized ebitdare and net debt to normalized ebitdare are important metrics in evaluating the credit strength of the company and its ability to service its debt obligations. the company believes that normalized ebitdare, total debt to normalized ebitdare, and net debt to normalized ebitdare are useful to investors, creditors and rating agencies because they allow investors to compare the company’s credit strength to prior reporting periods and to other companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the company’s actual credit quality. economic gain – economic gain is calculated as the net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with gaap, excluding accumulated depreciation. the company generally considers economic gain to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with gaap because it is one indication of the gross value created by the company's acquisition, development, renovation, management and ultimate sale of a property and because it helps investors to understand the relationship between the cash proceeds from a sale and the cash invested in the sold property. the following table presents a reconciliation of net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties in accordance with gaap to economic gain: ffo and normalized ffo: funds from operations (“ffo”) – nareit defines ffo (april 2002 white paper) as net income (computed in accordance with gaap), excluding gains (or losses) from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciated operating properties, plus depreciation and amortization expense, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis. the april 2002 white paper states that gain or loss on sales of property is excluded from ffo for previously depreciated operating properties only. expected ffo per share is calculated on a basis consistent with actual ffo per share and is considered an appropriate supplemental measure of expected operating performance when compared to expected eps. the company believes that ffo and ffo available to common shares and units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company, because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and by excluding gains or losses related to sales of depreciated operating properties and excluding real estate depreciation (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), ffo and ffo available to common shares and units can help compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. normalized funds from operations ("normalized ffo") – normalized ffo begins with ffo and excludes: the impact of any expenses relating to non-operating asset impairment; pursuit cost write-offs; gains and losses from early debt extinguishment and preferred share redemptions; gains and losses from non-operating assets; and other miscellaneous items. expected normalized ffo per share is calculated on a basis consistent with actual normalized ffo per share and is considered an appropriate supplemental measure of expected operating performance when compared to expected eps. the company believes that normalized ffo and normalized ffo available to common shares and units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company because they allow investors to compare the company's operating performance to its performance in prior reporting periods and to the operating performance of other real estate companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the company's actual operating results. ffo, ffo available to common shares and units, normalized ffo and normalized ffo available to common shares and units do not represent net income, net income available to common shares or net cash flows from operating activities in accordance with gaap. therefore, ffo, ffo available to common shares and units, normalized ffo and normalized ffo available to common shares and units should not be exclusively considered as alternatives to net income, net income available to common shares or net cash flows from operating activities as determined by gaap or as a measure of liquidity. the company's calculation of ffo, ffo available to common shares and units, normalized ffo and normalized ffo available to common shares and units may differ from other real estate companies due to, among other items, variations in cost capitalization policies for capital expenditures and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other real estate companies. ffo available to common shares and units and normalized ffo available to common shares and units are calculated on a basis consistent with net income available to common shares and reflects adjustments to net income for preferred distributions and premiums on redemption of preferred shares in accordance with gaap. the equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the operating partnership in exchange for op units are collectively referred to as the "noncontrolling interests – operating partnership". subject to certain restrictions, the noncontrolling interests – operating partnership may exchange their op units for common shares on a one-for-one basis. the following table presents reconciliations of eps to ffo per share and normalized ffo per share for pages 7 and 24 (the expected guidance/projections provided below are based on current expectations and are forward-looking): debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains) losses 0.11 0.03 0.11 lease-up noi – represents noi for development properties: (i) in various stages of lease-up; and (ii) where lease-up has been completed but the properties were not stabilized (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for all of the current and comparable periods presented. net operating income (“noi”) – noi is the company’s primary financial measure for evaluating each of its apartment properties. noi is defined as rental income less direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance). the company believes that noi is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the company's apartment properties. noi does not include an allocation of property management expenses either in the current or comparable periods. rental income for all leases and operating expense for ground leases (for both same store and non-same store properties) are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with gaap for the current and comparable periods. the following tables present reconciliations of operating income per the consolidated statements of operations to noi, along with rental income, operating expenses and noi per the consolidated statements of operations allocated between same store and non-same store/other results (see page 11): non-same store properties – for annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired during 2017 and 2018, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of january 1, 2017. physical occupancy – the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period divided by the average of total apartment units available for rent for the reporting period. same store properties – for annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that are stabilized prior to january 1, 2017, less properties subsequently sold. properties are included in same store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented. % of stabilized noi – represents budgeted 2018 noi for stabilized properties and projected annual noi at stabilization (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for properties that are in lease-up. total budgeted capital cost – estimated cost for projects under development and/or developed and all capitalized costs incurred to date, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, capitalized real estate taxes and insurance, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees, plus any estimates of costs remaining to be funded for all projects, all in accordance with gaap. total market capitalization – the aggregate of the market value of the company’s outstanding common shares, including restricted shares, the market value of the company’s operating partnership units outstanding, including restricted units (based on the market value of the company’s common shares) and the outstanding principal balance of debt. the company believes this is a useful measure of a real estate operating company’s long-term liquidity and balance sheet strength, because it shows an approximate relationship between a company’s total debt and the current total market value of its assets based on the current price at which the company’s common shares trade. however, because this measure of leverage changes with fluctuations in the company’s share price, which occur regularly, this measure may change even when the company’s earnings, interest and debt levels remain stable. turnover – total residential move-outs (including inter-property and intra-property transfers) divided by total residential apartment units. unencumbered noi % – represents noi generated by consolidated real estate assets unencumbered by outstanding secured debt as a percentage of total noi generated by all of the company's consolidated real estate assets. unlevered internal rate of return (“irr”) – the unlevered irr on sold properties is the compound annual rate of return calculated by the company based on the timing and amount of: (i) the gross purchase price of the property plus any direct acquisition costs incurred by the company; (ii) total revenues earned during the company’s ownership period; (iii) total direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance) incurred during the company’s ownership period; (iv) capital expenditures incurred during the company’s ownership period; and (v) the gross sales price of the property net of selling costs. the calculation of the unlevered irr does not include an adjustment for the company’s general and administrative expense, interest expense (including loan assumption costs and other loan-related costs) or property management expense. therefore, the unlevered irr is not a substitute for net income as a measure of our performance. management believes that the unlevered irr achieved during the period a property is owned by the company is useful because it is one indication of the gross value created by the company’s acquisition, development, renovation, management and ultimate sale of a property, before the impact of company overhead. the unlevered irr achieved on the properties as cited in this release should not be viewed as an indication of the gross value created with respect to other properties owned by the company, and the company does not represent that it will achieve similar unlevered irrs upon the disposition of other properties. the weighted average unlevered irr for sold properties is weighted based on all cash flows over the investment period for each respective property, including net sales proceeds.
