Cummins reports third quarter 2022 results
Columbus, ind.--(business wire)--cummins inc. (nyse: cmi) today reported results for the third quarter of 2022. third quarter revenues in total were $7.3 billion. excluding the contribution of the meritor, inc. business, the acquisition of which was completed on august 3, 2022, third quarter revenues were $6.6 billion, representing an increase of 11 percent from the same quarter in 2021. sales in north america increased 19 percent and international revenues decreased 1 percent compared to the same quarter in 2021, as strong demand across all global markets was offset by a market slowdown in china, as well as russia, where operations have been suspended indefinitely. “during the third quarter of 2022, cummins advanced its growth strategy most notably with the completion of the acquisition of meritor, and we have been excited to welcome our new colleagues into our company,” said president and ceo jennifer rumsey. “demand from customers remains strong, reflecting the quality and performance of our products and robust conditions in most markets except china. ebitda for the third quarter improved year-over-year but declined compared to the second quarter of 2022, reflecting weaker joint venture earnings in china, a one-time bonus to employees to recognize their relentless commitment to meeting customer demand in challenging conditions, and costs associated with both the meritor acquisition and the planned separation of our filtration business. we expect results for meritor and cummins in total to improve in the fourth quarter.” net income attributable to cummins in the third quarter was $400 million, or $2.82 per diluted share. excluding the meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs, net income in the third quarter was $456 million, or $3.21 per diluted share, compared to $534 million, or $3.69 per diluted share, in 2021. the tax rate in the third quarter was 32.7 percent including $57 million, or $0.40 per diluted share, of unfavorable discrete items, primarily related to the planned separation of the filtration business. earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (ebitda) in the third quarter was $884 million, or 12.1 percent of sales. excluding the meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs, ebitda was $907 million, or 13.8 percent of sales, compared to $862 million, or 14.4 percent of sales, a year ago. third quarter results include costs of $16 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, related to the separation of the filtration business. in addition, to recognize the extraordinary efforts by employees during the challenges over the last several years, as well as promote retention in a period of tight labor markets, a one-time employee recognition bonus was announced and recorded during the third quarter, which had a cost impact of $56 million. the third quarter results for the company included two months of operations following the acquisition of meritor. meritor results within the third quarter include $737 million in revenue, ebitda of $2 million and gaap1 net loss of $37 million. results of meritor include an inventory valuation adjustment as required by purchase accounting, which resulted in a negative impact of $32 million. third quarter results also include $25 million, or $0.13 per diluted share, of acquisition related costs, which consist of consulting and banker fees, and employee separation and retention payments. ebitda for meritor operations, excluding the purchase accounting and acquisition and integration costs, was $54 million in the third quarter, or 7.3 percent of sales. updated 2022 outlook: based on its current forecast, excluding the meritor business, cummins is providing the following update of its outlook for the full year 2022: full year 2022 revenue guidance is being maintained, with revenue expected to be up 8 percent. full year 2022 ebitda is now expected to be approximately 15.0 percent of sales, excluding the meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs, the impacts of the indefinite suspension of our operations in russia and the costs associated with preparing for the expected separation of our filtration business. this is below the company’s previous guidance of approximately 15.5 percent of sales and reflects an improvement from the third quarter to the fourth quarter. the company continues to expect to return approximately 50 percent of operating cash flow to shareholders in 2022 in the form of dividends and share repurchases. cummins expects revenues of the meritor business from the august 3 completion of the acquisition through the end of 2022 will be between $1.7 billion to $1.9 billion. during the same period, ebitda from the meritor business is expected to be approximately 4.5 percent of sales based upon the u.s. gaap results. third quarter 2022 highlights: on august 3, cummins completed the acquisition of meritor, inc., a leading global supplier of drivetrain, mobility, braking, aftermarket and electric powertrain solutions for commercial vehicle and industrial markets. the integration of meritor’s people, products and capabilities in axle and brake technology will position cummins as a leading provider of integrated powertrain solutions across internal combustion and electric power applications. the acquisition of meritor is expected to generate annual pre-tax run-rate synergies of approximately $130 million by year three after closing, anticipated to be comprised of, among other things, sg&a savings, supply chain operations and facilities optimization. the company announced several collaborations that further enable our customers to achieve their decarbonization goals. during the third quarter, cummins announced collaborations with werner enterprises, transport enterprise leasing (tel) and versatile to deliver 15-liter hydrogen internal combustion engines. the x15h hydrogen engine, part of cummins’ fuel agnostic platform, will enable a more-timely solution to reduce carbon emissions by providing customers with an option that has powertrain installation commonality and end user familiarity. the new power business continued to expand its green hydrogen presence globally. cummins announced it will expand pem electrolyzer manufacturing capacity at its oevel, belgium, factory to 1 gigawatt (gw). the company also announced it will begin producing electrolyzers in the united states, underscoring the company’s continued dedication to advancing the nation’s green hydrogen economy. electrolyzer production will take place in fridley, minnesota, starting at 500 megawatts (mw) of manufacturing capacity annually, scalable to 1 gigawatt (gw) in the future. in addition to electrolyzer capacity expansion, the business successfully launched the cummins hd120 fuel cell system in china by delivering 52 units to the lin-gang government for a bus application. cummins published its 19th annual sustainability progress report, including the company’s first update on progress on cummins’ 2030 environmental goals aligned to its planet 2050 environmental strategy. progress continues to be made on the planned separation of the filtration business. the company increased its quarterly dividend from $1.45 to $1.57 per share. cummins has paid higher annual dividends to shareholders for 13 consecutive years. 1 generally accepted accounting principles in the u.s. third quarter 2022 detail (all comparisons to same period in 2021): engine segment sales - $2.8 billion, up 8 percent segment ebitda - $363 million, or 13.1 percent of sales, compared to $391 million or 15.2 percent of sales on-highway revenues increased 10 percent driven by strong demand in the north american truck market, pricing actions and strong aftermarket demand. off-highway revenues decreased 3 percent driven by a slowdown in china construction. sales increased 14 percent in north america and decreased 8 percent in international markets due to a decline in china demand and the indefinite suspension of operations in russia. distribution segment sales - $2.2 billion, up 14 percent segment ebitda - $225 million, or 10.0 percent of sales, compared to $192 million, or 9.8 percent of sales revenues in north america increased 22 percent and international sales increased by 1 percent. higher revenues were primarily driven by increased demand for parts and service. components segment sales - $2.7 billion; excluding meritor, $2.0 billion, up 10 percent segment ebitda - $297 million, or 11.0 percent of sales; excluding meritor and costs for the filtration separation, $320 million or 16.2 percent of sales compared to $253 million, or 14.1 percent of sales excluding meritor, revenues in north america increased by 19 percent and international sales decreased by 1 percent due to lower demand in china. power systems segment sales - $1.3 billion, up 16 percent segment ebitda - $193 million, or 14.3 percent of sales, compared to $134 million, or 11.5 percent of sales power generation revenues increased 11 percent driven by pricing actions and increased global demand. industrial revenues increased 17 percent due to strong demand for aftermarket products and increased demand in oil and gas markets. new power segment sales - $50 million; excluding meritor, $45 million, up 96 percent segment ebitda loss - $96 million; excluding meritor operating results, $86 million revenues increased due to higher battery demand in the north american school bus market in addition to the shipments of fuel cell systems to the bus market in china. costs associated with the development of fuel cells and electrolyzers, as well as products to support battery electric vehicles are contributing to ebitda losses. about cummins inc. cummins inc., a global power leader, is a corporation of complementary business segments that design, manufacture, distribute and service a broad portfolio of power solutions. the company’s products range from diesel, natural gas, electric and hybrid powertrains and powertrain-related components including filtration, aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls systems, air handling systems, automated transmissions, axles, drivelines, brakes, suspension systems, electric power generation systems, batteries, electrified power systems, electric powertrains, hydrogen production and fuel cell products. headquartered in columbus, indiana (u.s.), since its founding in 1919, cummins employs approximately 59,900 people committed to powering a more prosperous world through three global corporate responsibility priorities critical to healthy communities: education, environment and equality of opportunity. cummins serves its customers online, through a network of company-owned and independent distributor locations, and through thousands of dealer locations worldwide and earned about $2.1 billion on sales of $24.0 billion in 2021. see how cummins is powering a world that's always on by accessing news releases and more information at https://www.cummins.com/always-on. forward-looking disclosure statement information provided in this release that is not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the private securities litigation reform act of 1995, including statements regarding our forecasts, guidance, preliminary results, expectations, hopes, beliefs and intentions on strategies regarding the future. these forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to our plans and expectations for our revenues and ebitda. our actual future results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements because of a number of factors, including, but not limited to: any adverse results of our internal review into our emissions certification process and compliance with emission standards; increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, as well as unpredictability in the adoption, implementation and enforcement of emission standards around the world; changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies; any adverse effects of the u.s. government's covid-19 vaccine mandates; changes in taxation; global legal and ethical compliance costs and risks; increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations; future bans or limitations on the use of diesel-powered products; any adverse effects of the conflict between russia and ukraine and the global response (including government bans or restrictions on doing business in russia); failure to successfully integrate the acquisition of meritor, inc.; failure to realize all of the anticipated benefits from our acquisition of meritor, inc.; raw material, transportation and labor price fluctuations and supply shortages; aligning our capacity and production with our demand; the actions of, and income from, joint ventures and other investees that we do not directly control; large truck manufacturers' and original equipment manufacturers' customers discontinuing outsourcing their engine supply needs or experiencing financial distress, bankruptcy or change in control; product recalls; variability in material and commodity costs; the development of new technologies that reduce demand for our current products and services; lower than expected acceptance of new or existing products or services; product liability claims; our sales mix of products; failure to complete, adverse results from or failure to realize the expected benefits of the separation of our filtration business; our plan to reposition our portfolio of product offerings through exploration of strategic acquisitions and divestitures and related uncertainties of entering such transactions; challenging markets for talent and ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel; climate change and global warming; exposure to potential security breaches or other disruptions to our information technology environment and data security; political, economic and other risks from operations in numerous countries including political, economic and social uncertainty and the evolving globalization of our business; competitor activity; increasing competition, including increased global competition among our customers in emerging markets; labor relations or work stoppages; foreign currency exchange rate changes; the performance of our pension plan assets and volatility of discount rates; the price and availability of energy; continued availability of financing, financial instruments and financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support our future business; and other risks detailed from time to time in our sec filings, including particularly in the risk factors section of our 2021 annual report on form 10-k and quarterly reports on form 10-q. shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. the forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this press release and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. more detailed information about factors that may affect our performance may be found in our filings with the sec, which are available at http://www.sec.gov or at http://www.cummins.com in the investor relations section of our website. presentation of non-gaap financial information ebitda is a non-gaap measure used in this release and is defined and reconciled to what management believes to be the most comparable gaap measure in a schedule attached to this release, except for forward-looking measures of ebitda where a reconciliation to the corresponding gaap measures is not available due to the variability, complexity and limited visibility of the non-cash items that are excluded from the non-gaap outlook measure. cummins presents this information as it believes it is useful to understanding the company's operating performance, and because ebitda is a measure used internally to assess the performance of the operating units. webcast information cummins management will host a teleconference to discuss these results today at 10 a.m. est. this teleconference will be webcast and available on the investor relations section of the cummins website at www.cummins.com. participants wishing to view the visuals available with the audio are encouraged to sign-in a few minutes prior to the start of the teleconference. cummins inc. and subsidiaries condensed consolidated statements of net income (unaudited) (a) three months ended in millions, except per share amounts september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 net sales $ 7,333 $ 5,968 cost of sales 5,691 4,554 gross margin 1,642 1,414 operating expenses and income selling, general and administrative expenses 708 571 research, development and engineering expenses 348 266 equity, royalty and interest income from investees 70 94 other operating expense, net 30 5 operating income 626 666 interest expense 61 28 other income, net 43 37 income before income taxes 608 675 income tax expense 199 134 consolidated net income 409 541 less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 9 7 net income attributable to cummins inc. $ 400 $ 534 earnings per common share attributable to cummins inc. basic $ 2.83 $ 3.72 diluted $ 2.82 $ 3.69 weighted-average common shares outstanding basic 141.1 143.5 diluted 142.0 144.7 (a) prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states of america. nine months ended in millions, except per share amounts september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 net sales $ 20,304 $ 18,171 cost of sales 15,404 13,793 gross margin 4,900 4,378 operating expenses and income selling, general and administrative expenses 1,945 1,745 research, development and engineering expenses 945 802 equity, royalty and interest income from investees 261 397 other operating expense, net 144 17 operating income 2,127 2,211 interest expense 112 85 other income, net 26 111 income before income taxes 2,041 2,237 income tax expense 502 473 consolidated net income 1,539 1,764 less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 19 27 net income attributable to cummins inc. $ 1,520 $ 1,737 earnings per common share attributable to cummins inc. basic $ 10.74 $ 11.96 diluted $ 10.68 $ 11.86 weighted-average common shares outstanding basic 141.5 145.2 diluted 142.3 146.5 (a) prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states of america. cummins inc. and subsidiaries condensed consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) (a) in millions, except par value september 30, 2022 december 31, 2021 assets current assets cash and cash equivalents $ 2,499 $ 2,592 marketable securities 466 595 total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities 2,965 3,187 accounts and notes receivable, net 4,799 3,990 inventories 5,543 4,355 prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,091 777 total current assets 14,398 12,309 long-term assets property, plant and equipment, net 5,201 4,422 investments and advances related to equity method investees 1,826 1,538 goodwill 2,229 1,287 other intangible assets, net 2,602 900 pension assets 1,536 1,488 other assets 1,977 1,766 total assets $ 29,769 $ 23,710 liabilities current liabilities accounts payable (principally trade) $ 4,000 $ 3,021 loans payable 217 208 commercial paper 2,393 313 accrued compensation, benefits and retirement costs 575 683 current portion of accrued product warranty 801 755 current portion of deferred revenue 921 855 other accrued expenses 1,568 1,190 current maturities of long-term debt 55 59 total current liabilities 10,530 7,084 long-term liabilities long-term debt 5,450 3,579 pensions and other postretirement benefits 678 604 accrued product warranty 742 684 deferred revenue 867 850 other liabilities 1,892 1,508 total liabilities $ 20,159 $ 14,309 redeemable noncontrolling interests $ 252 $ 366 equity cummins inc. shareholders’ equity common stock, $2.50 par value, 500 shares authorized, 222.5 and 222.5 shares issued $ 2,214 $ 2,099 retained earnings 17,628 16,741 treasury stock, at cost, 81.5 and 80.0 shares (9,449 ) (9,123 ) accumulated other comprehensive loss (2,013 ) (1,571 ) total cummins inc. shareholders’ equity 8,380 8,146 noncontrolling interests 978 889 total equity $ 9,358 $ 9,035 total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity $ 29,769 $ 23,710 (a) prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states of america. cummins inc. and subsidiaries condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) (a) three months ended in millions september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 cash flows from operating activities consolidated net income $ 409 $ 541 adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities depreciation and amortization 216 160 deferred income taxes (82 ) 27 equity in income of investees, net of dividends 32 (36 ) pension and opeb expense 6 21 pension contributions and opeb payments (16 ) (18 ) share-based compensation expense 10 7 russian suspension costs, net of recoveries 1 — loss (gain) on corporate owned life insurance 29 (1 ) foreign currency remeasurement and transaction exposure (126 ) 17 changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions accounts and notes receivable (81 ) (22 ) inventories (99 ) (291 ) other current assets 47 (27 ) accounts payable (73 ) 39 accrued expenses 157 266 changes in other liabilities (30 ) (25 ) other, net (18 ) (89 ) net cash provided by operating activities 382 569 cash flows from investing activities capital expenditures (202 ) (150 ) investments in internal use software (20 ) (14 ) investments in and net advances from (to) equity investees 3 (7 ) acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired (2,763 ) — investments in marketable securities—acquisitions (305 ) (207 ) investments in marketable securities—liquidations 358 221 cash flows from derivatives not designated as hedges 3 7 other, net 6 18 net cash used in investing activities (2,920 ) (132 ) cash flows from financing activities proceeds from borrowings 2,020 15 net borrowings of commercial paper 1,688 — payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations (999 ) (24 ) net borrowings under short-term credit agreements 45 9 distributions to noncontrolling interests (24 ) (15 ) dividend payments on common stock (222 ) (207 ) repurchases of common stock (23 ) (138 ) proceeds from issuing common stock 17 1 other, net — 2 net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 2,502 (357 ) effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 73 27 net increase in cash and cash equivalents 37 107 cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 2,462 2,481 cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,499 $ 2,588 (a) prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states of america. nine months ended in millions september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 cash flows from operating activities consolidated net income $ 1,539 $ 1,764 adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities depreciation and amortization 544 497 deferred income taxes (194 ) 44 equity in income of investees, net of dividends (30 ) (150 ) pension and opeb expense 23 62 pension contributions and opeb payments (71 ) (86 ) share-based compensation expense 24 25 russian suspension costs, net of recoveries 112 — asset impairments and other charges 36 — loss on corporate owned life insurance 114 11 foreign currency remeasurement and transaction exposure (136 ) 27 changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions accounts and notes receivable (333 ) (353 ) inventories (597 ) (919 ) other current assets (18 ) (45 ) accounts payable 353 416 accrued expenses (124 ) 435 changes in other liabilities (41 ) (59 ) other, net (56 ) (145 ) net cash provided by operating activities 1,145 1,524 cash flows from investing activities capital expenditures (453 ) (362 ) investments in internal use software (44 ) (36 ) proceeds from sale of land — 20 investments in and net advances from (to) equity investees (50 ) 3 acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired (3,008 ) — investments in marketable securities—acquisitions (738 ) (569 ) investments in marketable securities—liquidations 819 602 cash flows from derivatives not designated as hedges (29 ) 19 other, net 7 45 net cash used in investing activities (3,496 ) (278 ) cash flows from financing activities proceeds from borrowings 2,076 35 net borrowings (payments) of commercial paper 2,080 (123 ) payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations (1,070 ) (57 ) net borrowings (payments) under short-term credit agreements 21 (93 ) distributions to noncontrolling interests (38 ) (28 ) dividend payments on common stock (633 ) (601 ) repurchases of common stock (370 ) (1,228 ) proceeds from issuing common stock 36 27 other, net 9 (11 ) net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 2,111 (2,079 ) effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 147 20 net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (93 ) (813 ) cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,592 3,401 cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 2,499 $ 2,588 (a) prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the united states of america. cummins inc. and subsidiaries segment information (unaudited) in millions engine distribution components power systems new power total segments intersegment eliminations (1) total three months ended september 30, 2022 external sales $ 2,063 $ 2,232 $ 2,220 $ 773 $ 45 $ 7,333 $ — $ 7,333 intersegment sales 716 7 483 576 5 1,787 (1,787 ) — total sales 2,779 2,239 2,703 1,349 50 9,120 (1,787 ) 7,333 research, development and engineering expenses 140 13 87 62 46 348 — 348 equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees 28 20 17 10 (5 ) 70 — 70 interest income 3 4 4 3 — 14 — 14 russian suspension costs — — 1 — — 1 — 1 ebitda (2) 363 225 297 (3 ) 193 (96 ) 982 (98 ) 884 depreciation and amortization (4) 51 29 95 30 10 215 — 215 ebitda as a percentage of segment sales 13.1 % 10.0 % 11.0 % 14.3 % nm 10.8 % 12.1 % three months ended october 3, 2021 external sales $ 1,961 $ 1,952 $ 1,347 $ 688 $ 20 $ 5,968 $ — $ 5,968 intersegment sales 617 7 446 476 3 1,549 (1,549 ) — total sales 2,578 1,959 1,793 1,164 23 7,517 (1,549 ) 5,968 research, development and engineering expenses 97 10 78 55 26 266 — 266 equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees 61 15 10 11 (3 ) 94 — 94 interest income 3 2 1 1 — 7 — 7 ebitda (2) 391 192 253 134 (58 ) 912 (50 ) 862 depreciation and amortization (4) 53 28 44 29 5 159 — 159 ebitda as a percentage of segment sales 15.2 % 9.8 % 14.1 % 11.5 % nm 12.1 % 14.4 % "nm" - not meaningful information (1) includes intersegment sales, intersegment profit in inventory eliminations and unallocated corporate expenses. there were no significant unallocated corporate expenses for the three months ended september 30, 2022 and october 3, 2021, except for $6 million of filtration separation costs in 2022. (2) ebitda is defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests. (3) includes $45 million of costs related to the acquisition and integration of meritor and $10 million of costs associated with the planned separation of our filtration business. (4) depreciation and amortization, as shown on a segment basis, excludes the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs included in the condensed consolidated statements of net income as interest expense. a portion of depreciation expense is included in research, development and engineering expenses. in millions engine distribution components power systems new power total segments intersegment eliminations (1) total nine months ended september 30, 2022 external sales $ 6,204 $ 6,590 $ 5,214 $ 2,190 $ 106 $ 20,304 $ — $ 20,304 intersegment sales 2,103 19 1,427 1,522 17 5,088 (5,088 ) — total sales 8,307 6,609 6,641 3,712 123 25,392 (5,088 ) 20,304 research, development and engineering expenses 365 39 236 184 121 945 — 945 equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees 131 (2 ) 57 54 31 (12 ) 261 — 261 interest income 8 9 7 5 — 29 — 29 russian suspension costs 33 (3 ) 55 5 19 — 112 — 112 ebitda (4) 1,177 632 969 (5 ) 411 (243 ) 2,946 (252 ) 2,694 depreciation and amortization (6) 151 86 187 92 25 541 — 541 ebitda as a percentage of total sales 14.2 % 9.6 % 14.6 % 11.1 % nm 11.6 % 13.3 % nine months ended october 3, 2021 external sales $ 5,776 $ 5,692 $ 4,627 $ 1,999 $ 77 $ 18,171 $ — $ 18,171 intersegment sales 1,752 22 1,312 1,330 5 4,421 (4,421 ) — total sales 7,528 5,714 5,939 3,329 82 22,592 (4,421 ) 18,171 research, development and engineering expenses 288 35 232 172 75 802 — 802 equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees 278 47 41 32 (1 ) 397 — 397 interest income 7 5 3 3 — 18 — 18 ebitda (4) 1,147 553 975 399 (169 ) 2,905 (89 ) 2,816 depreciation and amortization (6) 154 88 138 97 17 494 — 494 ebitda as a percentage of total sales 15.2 % 9.7 % 16.4 % 12.0 % nm 12.9 % 15.5 % "nm" - not meaningful information (1) includes intersegment sales, intersegment profit in inventory eliminations and unallocated corporate expenses. there were no significant unallocated corporate expenses for the nine months ended september 30, 2022 and october 3, 2021, except for $47 million of filtration separation costs in 2022. (2) includes a $28 million impairment of our joint venture with kamaz and $3 million of royalty charges as part of our costs associated with the suspension of our russian operations. (3) includes $31 million of russian suspension costs reflected in the equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees line above. (4) ebitda is defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests. (5) includes $56 million of costs related to the acquisition and integration of meritor and $15 million of costs associated with the planned separation of our filtration business. (6) depreciation and amortization, as shown on a segment basis, excludes the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs included in the condensed consolidated statements of net income as interest expense. the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs was $3 million and $3 million for the nine months ended september 30, 2022 and october 3, 2021, respectively. a portion of depreciation expense is included in research, development and engineering expenses. a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in the condensed consolidated statements of net income is shown in the table below: three months ended nine months ended in millions september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 ebitda $ 884 $ 862 $ 2,694 $ 2,816 ebitda as a percentage of net sales 12.1 % 14.4 % 13.3 % 15.5 % less: interest expense 61 28 112 85 depreciation and amortization 215 159 541 494 income before income taxes 608 675 2,041 2,237 less: income tax expense 199 134 502 473 consolidated net income 409 541 1,539 1,764 less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 9 7 19 27 net income attributable to cummins inc. $ 400 $ 534 $ 1,520 $ 1,737 net income attributable to cummins inc. as a percentage of net sales 5.5 % 8.9 % 7.5 % 9.6 % cummins inc. and subsidiaries select footnote data (unaudited) equity, royalty and interest income from investees equity, royalty and interest income from investees included in our condensed consolidated statements of net income for the reporting periods was as follows: three months ended nine months ended in millions september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 manufacturing entities dongfeng cummins engine company, ltd. $ 8 $ 11 $ 35 $ 63 chongqing cummins engine company, ltd. 7 8 23 28 beijing foton cummins engine co., ltd. 6 23 34 108 tata cummins, ltd. 5 6 19 13 all other manufacturers 11 21 14 (1 ) 104 distribution entities komatsu cummins chile, ltda. 13 8 32 23 all other distributors 3 2 8 6 cummins share of net income 53 79 165 345 royalty and interest income 17 15 96 52 equity, royalty and interest income from investees $ 70 $ 94 $ 261 $ 397 (1) includes a $28 million impairment of our joint venture with kamaz and $3 million of royalty charges as part of our costs associated with the suspension of our russian operations. in addition, on february 7, 2022, we purchased westport fuel system inc.'s stake in cummins westport joint venture. acquisition on august 3, 2022, we completed the acquisition of meritor whereby we paid $36.50 per share for each outstanding share of meritor, a global leader of drivetrain, mobility, braking, aftermarket and electric powertrain solutions for commercial vehicle and industrial markets. the total purchase price, including debt that was retired on the closing date of $248 million, was $2.9 billion. in addition, we assumed $1.0 billion of additional debt, of which $0.9 billion was retired prior to the end of the third quarter. the acquisition was funded with a combination of $2.0 billion in new debt, cash on hand and additional commercial paper borrowings. income taxes our effective tax rate for 2022 is expected to approximate 22.0 percent (increased 0.5 percent from prior quarter), excluding any discrete items that may arise. our effective tax rate for the three months ended september 30, 2022, was 32.7 percent and contained unfavorable discrete tax items of $57 million, or $0.40 per share, primarily due to $51 million of unfavorable tax costs associated with internal restructuring ahead of the planned separation of our filtration business and $10 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments, partially offset by $4 million of net favorable other discrete tax items. our effective tax rate for the nine months ended september 30, 2022, was 24.6 percent and contained unfavorable discrete tax items of $52 million, or $0.37 per share, primarily due to $69 million of unfavorable tax costs associated with internal restructuring ahead of the planned separation of our filtration business and $10 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments, partially offset by $27 million of favorable changes in tax reserves. our effective tax rate for the three months ended october 3, 2021, was 19.9 percent and contained favorable discrete items of $11 million, or $0.08 per share, primarily due to a $16 million favorable release of tax reserves associated with the settlement of tax positions, partially offset by $5 million of unfavorable return to provision adjustments. our effective tax rate for the nine months ended october 3, 2021, was 21.1 percent and contained favorable discrete items of $8 million, or $0.05 per share, primarily due to a $18 million favorable release of tax reserves associated with the settlement of tax positions, partially offset by $10 million of unfavorable statutory changes in tax rates (mostly in the u.k.). cummins inc. and subsidiaries financial measures that supplement gaap (unaudited) reconciliation of non gaap measures - earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests (ebitda) we believe ebitda is a useful measure of our operating performance as it assists investors and debt holders in comparing our performance on a consistent basis without regard to financing methods, capital structure, income taxes or depreciation and amortization methods, which can vary significantly depending upon many factors. we believe ebitda excluding special items is a useful measure of our operating performance without regard to the meritor acquisition and related purchase price accounting adjustments, as well as acquisition and integration costs. this statement excludes forward looking measures of ebitda where a reconciliation to the corresponding gaap measures is not available due to the variability, complexity and limited visibility of non-cash items that are excluded from the non-gaap outlook measure. ebitda is not in accordance with, or an alternative for, accounting principles generally accepted in the united states (gaap) and may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. it should be considered supplemental data; however, the amounts included in the ebitda calculation are derived from amounts included in the condensed consolidated statements of net income. below is a reconciliation of “net income attributable to cummins inc.” to ebitda for each of the applicable periods: three months ended in millions september 30, 2022 october 3, 2021 net income attributable to cummins inc. $ 400 $ 534 net income attributable to cummins inc. as a percentage of net sales 5.5 % 8.9 % add: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 9 7 consolidated net income 409 541 add: interest expense 61 28 income tax expense 199 134 depreciation and amortization 215 159 ebitda $ 884 $ 862 ebitda as a percentage of net sales 12.1 % 14.4 % add: meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs 23 — ebitda, excluding impact of meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs $ 907 $ 862 ebitda, excluding impact of meritor business and related acquisition and integration costs, as a percentage of net sales excluding meritor 13.8 % 14.4 % cummins inc. and subsidiaries segment sales data (unaudited) engine segment sales by market and unit shipments by engine classification sales for our engine segment by market were as follows: 2022 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd heavy-duty truck $ 908 $ 1,001 $ 972 $ — $ 2,881 medium-duty truck and bus 848 875 868 — 2,591 light-duty automotive 498 456 466 — 1,420 off-highway 499 443 473 — 1,415 total sales $ 2,753 $ 2,775 $ 2,779 $ — $ 8,307 2021 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd heavy-duty truck $ 827 $ 839 $ 861 $ 801 $ 3,328 medium-duty truck and bus 674 688 713 702 2,777 light-duty automotive 481 484 515 432 1,912 off-highway 477 480 489 491 1,937 total sales $ 2,459 $ 2,491 $ 2,578 $ 2,426 $ 9,954 unit shipments by engine classification (including unit shipments to power systems and off-highway engine units included in their respective classification) were as follows: 2022 units q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd heavy-duty 28,600 30,900 30,200 — 89,700 medium-duty 72,600 68,800 69,800 — 211,200 light-duty 66,500 60,400 58,300 — 185,200 total units 167,700 160,100 158,300 — 486,100 2021 units q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd heavy-duty 30,700 29,400 29,200 28,300 117,600 medium-duty 73,100 67,500 65,200 68,000 273,800 light-duty 68,500 68,100 73,900 62,800 273,300 total units 172,300 165,000 168,300 159,100 664,700 distribution segment sales by product line sales for our distribution segment by product line were as follows: 2022 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd parts $ 924 $ 990 $ 945 $ — $ 2,859 engines 441 429 449 — 1,319 power generation 401 441 431 — 1,273 service 351 393 414 — 1,158 total sales $ 2,117 $ 2,253 $ 2,239 $ — $ 6,609 2021 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd parts $ 757 $ 765 $ 800 $ 823 $ 3,145 engines 334 351 377 437 1,499 power generation 418 454 438 452 1,762 service 326 350 344 346 1,366 total sales $ 1,835 $ 1,920 $ 1,959 $ 2,058 $ 7,772 component segment sales by business sales for our components segment by business were as follows: 2022 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd emission solutions $ 910 $ 863 $ 853 $ — $ 2,626 filtration 382 391 399 — 1,172 turbo technologies 346 355 367 — 1,068 electronics and fuel systems 216 198 193 — 607 automated transmissions 134 143 159 — 436 axles and brakes — — 732 — 732 total sales $ 1,988 $ 1,950 $ 2,703 $ — $ 6,641 2021 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd emission solutions $ 1,035 $ 882 $ 793 $ 789 $ 3,499 filtration 372 374 354 338 1,438 turbo technologies 367 351 325 308 1,351 electronics and fuel systems 263 241 210 185 899 automated transmissions 115 146 111 106 478 total sales $ 2,152 $ 1,994 $ 1,793 $ 1,726 $ 7,665 power systems segment sales by product line and unit shipments by engine classification sales for our power systems segment by product line were as follows: 2022 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd power generation $ 664 $ 657 $ 739 $ — $ 2,060 industrial 393 428 483 — 1,304 generator technologies 103 118 127 — 348 total sales $ 1,160 $ 1,203 $ 1,349 $ — $ 3,712 2021 in millions q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd power generation $ 611 $ 655 $ 664 $ 585 $ 2,515 industrial 324 399 412 399 1,534 generator technologies 87 89 88 102 366 total sales $ 1,022 $ 1,143 $ 1,164 $ 1,086 $ 4,415 high-horsepower unit shipments by engine classification were as follows: 2022 units q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd power generation 2,200 2,400 2,400 — 7,000 industrial 1,100 1,200 1,200 — 3,500 total units 3,300 3,600 3,600 — 10,500 2021 units q1 q2 q3 q4 ytd power generation 2,100 1,800 2,500 2,000 8,400 industrial 1,000 1,200 1,900 1,300 5,400 total units 3,100 3,000 4,400 3,300 13,800
