Medical innovation as it stands today is fundamentally unsustainable. There is a widening gap between what biomedical research promises and the impact that it is currently achieving, in terms of patient benefit and health system improvement. This book highlights the global problem of the ineffective translation of bioscience innovation into health system improvements and its consequences, analyses the underlying causative factors and provides powerful prescriptions for change to close the gap. It contrasts the progress in biomedicine with other areas of scientific and technological endeavour, such as information technology, in which there are faster and more reliable returns for society from scientific advance. It asks searching questions about whether society is right to expect so much from biomedicine and why we have become accustomed to such poor returns. Throughout the book, techniques such as stratified medicine, open innovation, adaptive development and personalised adherence are discussed and described in terms accessible to the non-specialist, and their impact on the innovation gap explored. By using examples in which bottlenecks have prevented progress, such as dementia and antibiotic-resistant infections, and in which these barriers have been overcome, such as HIV treatment, Bioscience - Lost in Translation? lays out a strategy for advancing the innovation process, presenting suggestions for how health systems can move from being passive recipients of innovation to being active participants in development. Highlights the global problem of the ineffective translation of bioscience innovation into health system improvements and its consequences. Richard Barker, Director, Centre of the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation (CASMI), Innovation Policy and Impact, Oxford, UK Professor Richard Barker has been Director of CASMI since its creation and was instrumental in its inception and launch. He is a strategic advisor, speaker and author on healthcare and life sciences. Richard has spent most of his career in healthcare, as a leader of organisations, as a board member and as a consultant. His leadership roles have spanned therapeutics, diagnostics and informatics both in the United States and in Europe. He was recently voted as one of the top 50 most influential people in UK healthcare and he sits on several healthcare and life sciences advisory boards on both sides of the Atlantic. His passions include securing a sustainable future for healthcare and redesigning how new medical technology is brought into practice. He now lives in London but is a frequent visitor to the US, where he spent 11 years working in Boston, New Haven, New York and San Francisco.